all Python 3Built-in functionsterm

dir

introspection

Lists the attributes of an object (or the names of the current local namespace).

Syntax

dir([object])

dir() hands back names as strings, not the attributes themselves — reach the value with getattr(obj, name). The list is alphabetised and deliberately approximate: it is built from __dir__ and misses anything a class conjures dynamically in __getattr__. Treat it as a REPL exploration tool, not something program logic should depend on.

Examples

print(dir([])[:5])  # → ? первые пять атрибутов списка (состав зависит от версии Python)
print('append' in dir([]))  # → True

class A:
    x = 1
    def f(self): pass
print('x' in dir(A))  # → True
print('f' in dir(A))  # → True
print(type(dir([])))  # → <class 'list'>

See also

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